Phau ntawv nyeem
Ultraviolet absorbers tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog thiab xaiv lub zog nqus hluav taws xob ultraviolet rays, thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub zog hloov dua siab tshiab, lub zog nqus tau tso tawm thiab siv los ua lub zog hluav taws xob los yog hluav taws xob tsis zoo, yog li zam kev puas tsuaj rau daim tawv nqaij thiab tiv thaiv polymer absorption ntawm ultraviolet. lub zog ua rau excitation thiab photophysical thiab photochemical decomposition.
1.Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm UV absorber:
Lub teeb lub zog nqus thiab hloov pauv cov txheej txheem ntawm UV absorbers txawv nrog hom, thiab lawv tau piav qhia raws li hauv qab no;
l Benzophenones
Benzophenone UV absorbers yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws ntawm UV absorbers. Hom UV absorber no muaj qhov nqus tau qeeb ntawm uV-A, uV-B, thiab uV-C. Cov pab pawg ketone thiab pawg hydroxyl nyob rau hauv cov molecule tuaj yeem tsim ib qho kev sib txuas nrog hydrogen los tsim ib lub nplhaib chelating. Tom qab nws absorbs lub teeb ultraviolet lub zog, lub thermal co ntawm lub molecule tshwm sim, lub internal hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus yog tawg, thiab lub nplhaib chelate qhib. Lub zog ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet hloov mus rau hauv lub zog cua sov thiab tso tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, pawg carbonyl nyob rau hauv lub molecule yuav absorbed los ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb zog. Zoo siab, ua rau tautomerism. Tsim cov qauv enol. Qhov no kuj siv ib feem ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau hauv hom UV absorber no, lub zog ntawm hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv lub molecule muaj feem xyuam rau nws cov nyhuv photostabilization. Lub zog ntawm cov pa oxygen ntau dua, lub zog xav tau ntau dua los rhuav tshem nws, thiab ntau dua UV zog absorbed thiab noj, cov nyhuv zoo dua; txwv tsis pub Tib yam muaj tseeb. Cov nyhuv stabilization kuj muaj feem xyuam rau qhov ntev ntawm alkoxy saw ntawm lub nplhaib benzene. Yog tias qhov ntev ntev, kev sib raug zoo nrog cov polymer yog qhov zoo. Cov nyhuv stabilization yog lawm. Nyob rau hauv benzophenone UV absorbers, nws yuav tsum muaj ib pawg hydroxyl ntawm lub ortho txoj hauj lwm ntawm pawg carbonyl, txwv tsis pub nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog hydrogen, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua UV absorber nrog ib pawg ortho hydroxyl. Nws tuaj yeem nqus tau 290 ~ 380 ~ m ultraviolet rays, yuav luag tsis pom lub teeb pom kev, tsis muaj xim, thiab zoo sib xws nrog cov molecular polymers siab. Yog tias muaj ob pawg hydroxyl nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ortho ntawm pawg carbonyl, nws tuaj yeem nqus tau ultraviolet rays ntawm 300-400fzm, thiab tseem nqus ib feem ntawm lub teeb pom kev. Vim qhov nqus ntawm lub teeb pom kev, lub teeb ntxiv yog qhov tsis sib npaug. Cov khoom ntxiv nrog qhov no ultraviolet absorber tshwm daj. Lub compatibility ntawm molecular polymers kuj tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws siv me me. Txawm hais tias benzophenone tsis muaj o-hydroxyl kuj muaj peev xwm nqus tau ultraviolet rays. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav ua rau nws tus kheej decomposition tom qab raug rau lub teeb, yog li nws tsis haum rau siv los ua ib qho ultraviolet absorber.
l Salicylates
Salicylate UV absorbers yog hom ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm UV absorbers, thiab salicylates kuj muaj cov hydrogen bonds hauv cov molecule. Lub peev xwm ntawm hom ultraviolet absorber no kom nqus tau cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet yog qhov tsawg heev thaum pib, thiab qhov nqus nqus tau nqaim heev (tsawg dua 340vm), tab sis tom qab qee lub sijhawm ntawm ultraviolet irradiation, nws nqus tau maj mam nce mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws nqus, uas yog vim nws Molecular rearrangement tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ultraviolet irradiation, tsim ib tug benzophenone qauv nrog muaj zog ultraviolet absorption, li no ntxiv dag zog rau nws ultraviolet absorption. Yog li ntawd, tib neeg hu nws lub pioneer UV absorber. Lub bishydroxybenzophenone thiab nws cov derivatives generated tom qab molecular rearrangement tuaj yeem nqus ib feem ntawm lub teeb pom kev thiab tshwm daj, ua rau yellowing ntawm cov khoom ntxiv rau ultraviolet absorber.
l Cov tshuaj Benzotriazole
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm benzotriazole UV absorbers zoo ib yam li benzophenones. Benzotriazoles muaj ntau hom kev nqus ultraviolet, thiab tuaj yeem nqus lub teeb nrog lub wavelength ntawm 300-400-m. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tshua pom lub teeb pom kev siab tshaj 400 ~ m, yog li cov khoom yuav tsis raug dej nyab.
l Lwm hom UV absorbers
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov hloov pauv acrylonitrile, triazine ultraviolet absorber, nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua raws li cis-trans isomerization, kom lub zog hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb lossis tso tawm lub zog tsis zoo. Acrylonitrile hloov ultraviolet absorbers tuaj yeem nqus tau ultraviolet lub teeb ntawm 290-320Fm, tsis nqus pom lub teeb, thiab yuav tsis ua rau cov khoom siv dej nyab. Sanhao UV absorber tuaj yeem nqus 300 ~ 400 ~ m ntawm UV teeb. UV absorbers tuaj yeem nqus cov noob auxochromic (xws li -NH, -OH, -SOH, -cOOH, thiab lwm yam) thiab chromophores (xws li C: N, N: N, N: O, C) nrog lub wavelength hauv qab 400 ~ m. :O ib.). Lawv tag nrho cov txuas nrog lub aromatic nucleus. Organonickel kuj tseem siv tau los ua UV absorber, tab sis feem ntau nws yog cais raws li ib tug quencher (tseem hu ua deactivator los yog ib tug matting agent, los yog lub xeev laser quencher, lub zog quencher), thiab nws muaj peev xwm nqus ultraviolet rays yog siab dua Connectivity. tsawg, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov polymer los ntawm kev tso tawm vim qhov nqus ntawm ultraviolet rays.
Cov organic nickel complexes cuam tshuam nrog cov molecules uas zoo siab rau lub xeev zoo siab ntawm cov polymer hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb irradiation, kom lub xeev zoo siab rov qab los rau hauv av, thiab lub zog ultraviolet hloov mus rau hauv lub zog qis spectral emission. tsis rhuav tshem nws. , thiaj li tiv thaiv cov polymer los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog hu ua quencher vim hais tias nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yog txawv ntawm cov ultraviolet absorbers. Lub ultraviolet absorber hloov cov qauv ntawm cov molecule nws tus kheej, thaum lub quencher dissipates lub zog los ntawm lub zog hloov ntawm molecules.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv lub teeb xws li carbon dub, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc barium, thiab lwm yam kuj yog ib hom tshuaj uas tuaj yeem nqus tau lossis cuam tshuam cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet. Thaum nws mus txog saum npoo ntawm lub polymer, nws yog absorbed thiab reflected, tiv thaiv ultraviolet rays los mus tob rau hauv lub polymer. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog carbon dub.
Radical scavengers kuj yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov khoom uas tuaj yeem tsim lub teeb stabilization. Lawv yog piperidine derivatives nrog steric hindrance nyhuv, thiab hu ua hindered amine teeb stabilizers.
2. Kev faib tawm ntawm UV absorbers:
l Benzophenones
Benzophenone UV absorbers yog tag nrho cov derivatives ntawm o-hydroxybenzophenone, nrog rau monohydroxyl, dihydroxyl, trihydroxyl, tetrahydroxyl derivatives, thiab lwm yam. Xws li ultraviolet absorbers yog dav siv nyob rau hauv polyethylene thiab polypropylene. , polyvinyl chloride, ABS, polystyrene, polyamide thiab lwm yam polymers siab thiab ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv textile, xws li UV absorbers muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov polymers siab. Lub teeb zoo thiab thermal stability. Nws tsis decompose ntawm 200degreeC, tab sis muaj zog sublimation. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov xim thiab cov yas, thiab cov nyiaj ntxiv yog {{0}}.1 txog 0.5.
l Salicylates
UV nqus tus nqi ntawm salicylate UV absorbers yog me dua li ntawm benzophenones, thiab lub nqus plua plav yog nqaim (hauv qab 3409m), thiab nws tsis ruaj khov rau UV teeb nws tus kheej. Forks tuaj yeem nqus pom lub teeb thiab ua rau cov khoom siv Nws yog daj, tab sis nws tus nqi pheej yig. Nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov polymers siab, thiab siv rau hauv cov khoom siv siab xws li fiber ntau hlua, polyester, PVC, PE, polyvinylidene thiab polystyrene.
l Cov tshuaj Benzotriazole
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers zoo dua li ntawm benzophenones, uas tuaj yeem nqus tau ultraviolet lub teeb ntawm 310-385pm, thiab tsis tshua pom lub teeb pom kev. Nws stability kuj zoo, tab sis tus nqi kim dua.
UV-P tuaj yeem nqus tau lub teeb ultraviolet nrog lub wavelength ntawm 270-380nm, tsis tshua pom lub teeb pom kev, thiab muaj xim pib qis. Feem ntau siv hauv polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, unsaturated polyester, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, ABS thiab lwm yam khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau cov khoom tsis muaj xim, pob tshab thiab lub teeb xim. Tab sis tsis soaping, vim hais tias nws dissolves nyob rau hauv alkaline xab npum, ua lub fiber xim daj. uV-326 tuaj yeem nqus tau lub teeb ultraviolet zoo nrog lub wavelength ntawm 270-380nm, thiab yog siv hauv polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, unsaturated polyester, polyamide, epoxy resin, ABS, polyurethane thiab lwm yam khoom. Nws stabilizes zoo. Nws yog insensitive rau hlau ions, muaj tsawg volatility, muaj antioxidant nyhuv, thiab yog yooj yim rau xim nyob rau hauv thawj theem. uV-327 tuaj yeem nqus tau ultraviolet lub teeb nrog lub wavelength ntawm 270-300nm, thiab yog tsim rau polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene polyurethane, ABS, epoxy resin, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj cov tshuaj zoo. stability, tsis tshua muaj volatility, tsawg toxicity thiab zoo compatibility nrog polyolefins. uV-54l1 absorbs ultraviolet lub teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam, qhov siab tshaj plaws nqus ncov yog 345nm nyob rau hauv ethanol) yog dav siv nyob rau hauv polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, unsaturated polyester, rigid PVC, polycarbonate, ABS, thiab lwm yam. Nws volatility yog me me, thiab cov khoom siv xim thawj zaug tsis loj.
l Triazines
Triazine UV absorbers muaj peev xwm nqus tau siab rau UV teeb nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 280-380nm. Piv nrog rau benzotriazole stabilizers, lub peev xwm nqus tau yog ib hom kev nqus tau zoo ntawm lub teeb stabilizer. Nws yog ib qho 2-hydroxyphenyltriazine derivative thiab muaj ib pawg hydroxyl nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ortho. Cov nyhuv nqus ultraviolet ntawm cov tebchaw no muaj feem xyuam nrog cov pawg hydroxyl uas nyob ib sab. Qhov ntau ntawm cov pawg hydroxyl uas nyob ib sab, lub peev xwm nqus ultraviolet lub teeb muaj zog dua. Kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem txo qhov yooj yim ntawm s-triazine nplhaib, tab sis txhim kho lub teeb nrawm ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov resin. 327. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis zoo sib xws nrog cov polymers thiab kuj muaj xim ntawm daim ntawv thov. Lub derivative ntawm o-hydroxyphenyldiphenyltriazine tsim los ntawm Ciba-Geigy Company yog cationic self-dispersing UV absorber nrog zoo sublimation ceev thiab kub-kho cov khoom, uas yuav siv tau rau kub dyeing, ncoo dyeing thiab dyeing. luam ntawv.
l Hloov acrylonitrile
Hom UV absorber no tuaj yeem nqus tau 310~320~m ntawm UV lub teeb, tab sis qhov nqus tau qis. Nws muaj tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov polymers siab. N-53 absorbs ultraviolet rays nrog lub wavelength ntawm 270 txog 350 nm. Nws yog tsim rau polyvinyl chloride, acetal resin, polyolefin, epoxy resin, polyamide, acrylic acid Resin, polyurethane, urea-formaldehyde resin thiab nitrocellulose, thiab lwm yam. tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau polyvinyl chloride khoom. Zoo alkali tsis kam. Soluble nyob rau hauv toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, thiab lwm yam, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv ethanol thiab methanol, thiab insoluble nyob rau hauv dej. Qhov ntau npaum yog 0.1 feem pua rau 0.5 feem pua. N-539 yog cov kua daj daj, soluble hauv cov organic solvents. Insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, nws muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom zoo heev photothermal stability, thiab nws muaj zoo compatibility nrog resins. Nws tsis xim. Yuav siv tau rau ntau yam khoom siv hluavtaws.
3. Daim ntawv thov ntawm UV absorbers hauv textiles:
Muaj ntau qhov kev txaus siab rau UV-resistant fabrics nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. UV-resistant fiber kimonos yog thawj tsim nyob rau hauv Nyiv
Hauv Suav teb, kev tshawb fawb tseem tau ua los tsim cov khaub ncaws ua kis las tiv thaiv ultraviolet, stockings, kaus mom thiab lub hnub umbrellas. Qhov chaw
Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim siv yog cov saum toj no-hais txog ultraviolet absorbers, feem ntau siv ntawm uas yog benzophenones.
l Tsim los ntawm UV-resistant fibers
Siv UV absorbers thiab shielding agents (xws li ZnO, TiO2, thiab lwm yam) los muab tov rau hauv fibers rau spinning los ua UV-resistant fibers. Cov ntaub npuag yog zoo dua li kev thov tom qab ua tiav ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ntxuav. . Cov fiber ntau no tuaj yeem ntxoov ntxoo 60 feem pua ntawm ultraviolet rays nyob rau hauv lub teeb. Nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj ncaj qha, qhov kub ntawm cov khaub ncaws tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm 4degree, thiab tam sim no nws tau ua lag luam.
l Tom qab ua tiav txoj kev siv UV absorber
Txoj kev siv UV absorbers rau cov khaub ncaws los yog ntaub sib txawv los ntawm hom UV absorber. Ib qho yog siv ultraviolet absorbers uas tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog hydroxyl pawg ntawm cellulose, amide pawg ntawm polyamides, cov amino pawg ntawm wool thiab txhob lo lo ntxhuav hauv dyeing los yog softening da dej thiab dye cov fibers tib lub sij hawm. Dip dyeing, pad dyeing lossis Printing method lossis soft finish application. Ciba-Geigy thiab Clariant tau tsim cov khoom zoo li no. Yog tias siv benzophenone UV absorber, xws li Uvinul DP-uV ntawm BASF, nws muaj ob pawg hydroxyl hauv nws. Nws tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog cellulose, wool, silk thiab polyamide fibers thiab muaj affinity. Nws tuaj yeem dye fibers thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho dyeing. Cov koob tshuaj yog DP-uV 10-20 (UA). Kho ntawm 80degreerau 30 min. Pad dyeing method DP-uV 10O-Z00g/L kuj tseem siv tau. Ntxiv softener 30g / L, pad dye ntawm 60degree, thiab qhuav ntawm 100degreerau 3 min. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub tsev pheeb suab tiv thaiv ultraviolet, nrog rau cov dej tsis zoo ntawm 60g / L. DP ua 80-150g / L, ib qho catalyst (xws li MgCI 2·6 H2O) 5g / L. Padding, ziab thiab ci (150degreeC rau 2 min). Daim ntawv thov no tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntxuav, thiab tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm ultraviolet rays ntawm 280 txog 400vm tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 85 feem pua.
l Txoj kev ua microcapsules thiab tom qab ntawd siv rau cov ntaub
Lub ultraviolet absorber yog tsim los rau hauv microcapsules los ntawm microcapsule technology, thiab nws cov tshuaj ntsiav yog nyiam dua los ntawm high molecular polymers, xws li styrene thiab acrylate, thiab cov microcapsules yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev ntawm microcapsules thaum polymerization. UV absorber yog qhwv rau hauv cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav, thiab tom qab ntawd cov microcapsules tau tsau rau ntawm cov ntaub nrog cov nplaum thiab cov kab sib txuas, uas tuaj yeem ua rau hauv textiles nrog UV tiv thaiv tus nqi ntau dua 85. Cov microcapsules tuaj yeem tso tawm cov UV absorber maj mam. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv UV zoo.
l Siv cov txheej txheem thov txheej
Lub ultraviolet absorber yog ntxiv rau txheej txheej. Txheej, ziab thiab ci yog nqa tawm, thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm tiav tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov kua txheej. Tsev pheebsuab thiab lub kaus mom ua los ntawm txoj kev no. Cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim, tab sis cov huab cua tsis kam thiab ntxuav kuj tseem txhim kho.
